The Development Impact of PT. Medco E & P Malaka on Economic Aspects in East Aceh Regency

Development is a systematic and continuous effort made to realize something that is aspired. Development is a change towards improvement. Changes towards improvement require the mobilization of all human resources and reason to realize what is aspired. In addition, development is also very dependent on the availability of natural resource wealth. The availability of natural resources is one of the keys to economic growth in an area. The relationship between inflation and economic growth is one of the debatable issue and the most important macroeconomic discussions among macro economists, policy-makers and monetary authorities in all countries (Wollie, 2018). Therefore the availability of natural resources must be managed and utilized by the government and the community appropriately, which can provide optimal benefits for the continuity of nature and humans in the future. Development basically aims to realize prosperity for the community. Development can be done by implementing in various forms of programs. Development that uses human resources and high technology to process natural resources that can be utilized for human life, one of which is the development of oil and gas exploration block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka in Indra Makmur Sub-district. This activity is expected to provide positive benefits for the welfare of the people around the exploration activities. PT. Medco Energi Internasional Tbk, through PT Medco E & P Malaka together with its partners Kris Energi and Japex, inaugurated the start of the development of the block A Abstract

gas field in Indra Makmur Sub-district, East Aceh Regency on November 23, 2015. The company has actually been managing the block A field since early 2007 and has made various commercial and technical efforts to realize the development of several gas fields in block A, namely Alur Siwah, Julok Rayeuk and Alur Rambong fields. The progress of the Block A field development project was marked by the signing of the gas buying and selling (PJBG) in January 2015 and the selection of a consortium of PT Encona Inti Industri and PT. JGC Indonesia as the executor of the development of Block A production facilities.
The location of oil and gas exploration block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka is located in Blang Nisam Village, Indra Makmur Sub-district. There are three fields targeted to start its first production. The three fields are Alur Siwah, Alur Rambong and Julok Rayeuk fields. The first production begins in early 2018 to meet the supply of 63 billion British thermal units per day (BBTUD), which will be channeled into the Pertamina Arun Belawan pipeline distribution system, to support the continuity of fertilizer and electricity factories and industries in Aceh. PT. Medco E & P Malaka is a cooperation contract contractor (KKKS) working on state-owned upstream oil and gas projects.

Definition of Development
Rogers in Nasution (2004) states that development is a process of social change with broad participation in a society, which is intended for social and material progress (including increasing the amount of justice, freedom and other scored qualities) for the majority of the people through more control the amount they get for their environment. Siagian (1994) provides an understanding of development as "A business or series of efforts for growth and change that are planned and carried out consciously by a nation, state and government, towards modernity in the context of fostering the nation (nation building)". Meanwhile, according to Ginanjar Kartasasmita (1994), development is a process of change for the better through planned efforts.

Impact
Impact can be interpreted simply is a change that occurs due to an activity. These activities can be natural, both social, economic, physical, chemical and biological. According to the KBBI the impact is a collision, an effect which brings about both positive and negative impacts. Influence is the power that exists and arises from something (people, things) that helps shape a person's character, beliefs or deeds. Influence is a situation where there is a reciprocal relationship or causal relationship between what influences what is affected. Impacts have the following effects: a. Positive impact is the impact that has a positive effect. b. Negative impacts are impacts that have a negative effect. c. Direct impacts are impacts that are felt directly and are related to positive impacts. d. Indirect impacts are indirect impacts that are felt by an influence (KBBI in Sartika, 2014) So, from the definition above regarding the impact of exploration development in the oil and gas industry block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka towards regional development has changed. The impact here is the economic, social, and environmental aspects. Environmental impacts are changes in terms of village management, development of roads for transportation facilities, water and air conditions of the mosque as a means of worship, and schools as a means of education. The social impact is the shifting mindset and productivity of the people who previously planted and switched to other jobs. While the impact on the economic aspect, there is a change in income due to the development of other businesses in the local community.

Economic Aspects
Income is the work of business and so on, finding a discovery about something that did not exist before, according to the KBBI, income is defined as the result of work or business in the form of money or goods as a form of income is wages or salaries, which means money paid in retaliation services or as labor payers that have been issued to do something (Ministry of Education and Culture RI, 1995).
Income is the amount received usually within a certain period of time is usually one year, community income is thus all receipts received in a particular year either from industry, trade and other sectors. The economic condition of the population is a condition that describes human life that has economic score. Economic conditions are assessed through three variables: livelihoods, income, and ownership of valuables.

III. Research Method
The type of research is associative research with a quantitative approach. According to Sugiyono (2008), associative research is research that aims to determine the effect or relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable and how closely the two are related. According to Sugiyono (2003), quantitative research is research by obtaining data in the form of numerical data or qualitative data.
The map of the research location is in the following figure: Source: Data processed, 2019 Figure 1

. Research Location Map
This research was conducted in the oil and gas exploration area of Block A Area PT. Medco E & P Malaka in Alue Ie Itam and Blang Nisam Villages in Indra Makmur Sub-district, East Aceh Regency based on the consideration that the Indra Makmur Subdistrict was the place affected by the development of Oil and Gas Exploration with an area of 89.05 Km 2 .
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 1, February 2020, Page: 276-286 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 www. The data in Table 1. shows that the most respondents came from Alue Ie Itam, with 28 people (56%) who were all male. Followed by respondents who came from Blang Nisam whose respondents were 20 men (40%) and 2 women (4%). This is natural because men are responsible for providing family income. The number of respondents by age group can be seen in the table below: The data in Table 2. above shows that respondents were dominated by respondents with an age group of 41-50 years, namely a number of 27 people (54%), then respondents with an age group 31-40 years amounted to 15 people (30%), and respondents with a group aged 21-30 years amounted to 8 people (16%). The number of respondents based on ethnicity (ethnicity) can be seen in the table below: In Table 3. above shows that most respondents in Acehnese ethnic research, namely as many as 29 people (58%), while Javanese respondents totaled 21 people (42%). The number of respondents based on their level of education can be seen in the table below: Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 1, February 2020, Page: 276-286 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 www.  Based on the data in Table 4. above it is known that 3 people (6%) respondents of the study did not undergo education, 9 people (18%) had elementary school education, 11 people (22%) had junior high school education, 26 people (52%) had senior school education, and 1 Diploma / Degree educated person. Development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka has significantly increased the productivity of the surrounding communities in Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village. The results of the different main income test of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of PT. Medco E & P Malaka can be seen in Table 5. Below:  From Table 6. it can be seen that there are significant differences between the average main income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka. This can be seen from the tcount (6.852) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.00 <0.05). Thus the hypothesis which states that there are positive and significant differences between the main income before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka . The results of research on the additional income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village are as follows:   Table 8. it can be seen that there are significant differences between the average additional income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka . This can be seen from the score of tcount (7.307) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.00 <0.05). Thus the hypothesis which states that there are positive and significant differences between income before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT.  The data in Table 9. can be seen a comparison of the status of home ownership before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka and it can be concluded that the ownership status of own-owned houses has increased from 36 heads of households (72%) to 47 heads of households (94%), heads of households who contracted houses that used to have 10 households (20%) decreased only 1 heads of households (2%). The different test results (t test) against the comparison of the status of home ownership before and after the development of PT. Medco E & P Malaka is as follows: Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 1, February 2020, Page: 276-286 e-ISSN: 2615-3076(Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 www.   Table 11. it can be seen that there are significant differences in the ownership status of community houses in Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of PT. Medco E & P Malaka . This can be seen from the score of tcount (3.518) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.001 <0.05). Thus the hypothesis which states that there is a positive and significant difference between the status of home ownership before and after the development of oil and gas exploration Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka .
In addition, a comparison of the status of home ownership, follows the data on the condition of the house before and after the development of Oil and Gas Exploration Area Block A of PT Medco E & P Malaka in Blang Nisam Village and Alue Ie Itam Village: be seen that there is a significant difference between the average main income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka . This can be seen from the score of tcount (6.852) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.00 <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant impact on the main income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka.
The results of research on the additional income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village can be seen that there are significant differences between the average side income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka. This can be seen from the score of tcount (7.307) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.00 <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant impact on the additional income of the people of Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. This can be seen from the score of tcount (9.092) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0,000 <0.05). Thus it can be concluded that there are positive and significant impacts on the condition of houses before and after the development of oil and gas exploration in the Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka.

V. Conclusion
The economic impact of oil and gas exploration development in Block A area of PT. Medco E & P Malaka has a very positive impact on income, home ownership, home conditions, and additional income of the community in Alue Ie Itam Village and Blang Nisam Village. This can be seen from tcount (6.852) which is greater than ttable (1.67591). Significant differences are also indicated by the significance score (0.00 <0.05).